The possibility of conceiving images is directly linked to the discovery
that they are not absence of verbal language.
It is not true that I create images like the gestures of the deaf and
dumb because I cannot succeed in speaking; I do so because I prefer and
choose not to speak, not to move my tongue, my mouth, my throat to give
out sounds with which, by convention, I make myself understood by others.
The creation of images is thus a rebellion against spoken language, a
rebellion against relations with others based on the pursuit of well-being;
a rebellion which costs, as is well-known, not only solitude but even the
risk of not being understood, of abiding with the doubt and the anguish
of castration, impotence, madness.
The cowardice of our great men who pretend to abolish language and express
themselves with images that reproduce external reality portrays the anguish
which accompanies anyone whatsoever who wants to reproduce, to represent
outside of himself, a fantasy of his own.
For we can state and underline that there are essentially two steps involved:
the shift from articulated language to images as representation of external
reality, which can be verbalized as pretending not to speak, and representation
of internal images outside of oneself, which signifies truly renouncing
spoken language forever.
This is possible, as the art of the last century demonstrates, insofar
as the thought, the idea gains currency that this representation of internal
images outside of oneself is not absence of language. In other words, it
is not that one cannot speak but, more than not being able to speak, one
commits this strange act of cutting one's throat and opting for silence.
Silence which privileges the hands as a means for saying and for recounting
one's own relationship with present and past reality.
Privileges extensively, we would say, the movement of the body which,
the artist intuits, will be lost the minute one begins to articulate words,
and we are thus confronted with an image of refusal of spoken language which
is totally different from the loss or absence of spoken language.
Only refusal enables that regression to take place which leads to the
past, to that which has happened, which happened in absolutely forgetten
times and, perhaps, we do not even know what this refusal is, perhaps it
is an image of silence, perhaps it is a first monster, a first monstruous
image whereby an intelligent and genial adult human being no longer possesses
the particular characteristic of human reality, no longer has, in order
to express himself, that articulated sound which distinguishes the animal's
mouth from that of a human being.
And so we must recuperate what we lost when we began to speak and to
walk, so that we walk poorly once we speak since we no longer have something
that existed before the realization of the strength of the body which moves
on its own without needing a cane or another person's hand.
And this something cannot be anything else than what we call internal
images.
The silence which accompanies our dreams makes us recuperate the colours,
the forms and the figures of what we have seen, heard, thought; but it does
not make us move our body, which lies there inert, the indispensable condition
for images to emerge in the mind. When the body moves, as we wake, only
a vague memory of them remains.
The fusion between internal images and the material reality of the body
never or almost never takes place; evidently something happens when we have
to stand up alone on our own feet, so that moving becomes a necessary physical
fact involving convergent and divergent forces which produces an architecture
without a soul.
And so the artist has to, wants to, recuperate this soul which has gone
away and which is an image or certainly many images, like those that are
depicted when human deambulation is represented in its various movements.
A film in which placing the numerous static single frames next to each other
determines the vision of a movement which does not exist in fact.
Artists have defied this splitting by painting or sculpting in a waking
state with the movement of their bodies.
The images become static, that is dead, each time they detach themselves
from the body to become mental representation or external figurative art.
Placed on a canvas or composed in marble, they are the single frames
of a film which exists in the mind, in the memory of single figures formed
in the brain as a result of external perception.
Later on no, later on they went further and little by little they erased
recognizable external perception and the forms of Matisse appeared, the
necks of Modigliani.
And then even more so, it is no longer a question of deforming the external
figure as a drunkard does, but of rendering it unrecognizable, destroying
it, breaking it up into bits, as does Picasso when he realizes that the
reproduction of external images is a horrible negation of internal perception
and fantasy.
The vision which makes for a healthy and normal relationship with reality
is, in fact, a normalization, a conditioning which leads to being able to
keep company with others without conflict, lacerations, clashes.
For everyone, seraphically, a tree is a tree - no question about it -
and we all agree, the sea is the sea and we all agree and, once again, the
artist can no longer agree because this signifies the death of internal
fantasy, so he represents a monstrous, unreal tree which does not correspond
to external reality.
Then, going still further, he represents human reality as monstrous,
abnormal, not in the sense of representing pathological monsters - the child
with two heads or the calf with two legs - but rather he succeeds in representing
something which does not exist in reality and in history, inexistent, that
has never been thought of and, more than thought of, imagined in men's minds.
The representation of existing monstrosity, of evil, of destruction,
are still reproductions of reality, which could almost lead one to think
that Guernica is not a work of art because it represents a reality: the
fragmentation, the destruction, the death caused by external violence.
Perhaps, precisely, in the fragmentation that Picasso depicts one can
recognize something which is possible, that a cut-throat does something
that can be reproduced by an artist or a photographer: the absurd painting
of Les demoiselles d' Avignon.
We could thus discover that the direction art takes in creating something
that has never existed - which cannot be accomplished by applying force
to matter and deforming it, that is its natural images - is the one which
leads towards the absolutely new, that which is not reproduced but created,
with the insoluble suspicion that we are dealing with an absolute transformation
in which the preceding is no longer recognizable.
More so, the tendency towards the creation of absolutely new images,
the search for a monstrosity which is impossible in material reality but
possible in internal fantasy, almost like creating something from nothing,
from the elimination of one's relationship with the world as if one had
never seen nor heard nor known it - then the creation of images is absolutely
new and original.
The artist's challenge becomes a challenge of verbal thought and language
if we read the confrontation between verbal thought and language which discover
absolutely new things by defining them, and the internal fantasy of the
artist which discovers things having refused verbal thought and language;
and he runs the risk of not discovering anything, but of inventing images
out of nothing, putting into reality things that have never existed, as
madmen do.
We could say that this monster no longer has any natural or human characteristics,
but instead that, no longer possessing a figure, no longer possessing a
form, it is no longer clear what it can represent. Perhaps Cézanne
and Van Gogh attempted to achieve this moving towards pure colour, perhaps
Chagall tried with his red horse.
Beyond figure, form and colour, beyond colour, we don't know, there is
no other possibility of composing anything that can tell us about something
that might have existed beyond birth.
The search for vital elements and for the possibility of recounting vital
elements; and we have to search further before getting lost or stopping
beyond colour; and that black, which is defined as absence of colour; and
we have to go on searching until we reach the thought-memory that we speak;
and then we have to try to touch that strange and impalpable thing which
can be any colour without changing its essence: the line.
Having said that, the word immediately unleashes all the images and thoughts
stolen from that other unknown and undefined form of art which is architecture
and constructing.
A way of making which we consider to be different from that of other
forms of art: architecture is peculiar to prisoners who can walk only if
they pick up the ball which is chained to their feet.
I mean to say that if a painter or a sculptor can be estranged from nature
and human reality, an architect cannot be estranged from nature and human
reality, and building implies a strange unhealthy or sublime love for nature
and for fellow human-beings.
So perhaps we cannot impose images, colours, forms, figures; we have
to do something which - in the first instance - defies the laws of gravity
in the indispensable movement towards the heights intrinsic in every architectural
form.
We conceive the line, and in particular the line of the arch, as a structuring
and supporting element, and it is simply an image that has lost itself,
we might call it an abstract element in absolute, non material, that must
- in order to be - concretize itself in a pile of bricks and in a column.
An element, in effect, which does not exist insofar as we can consider
that it is precisely in the act of touching that the intimate contact is
determined, and the line is created - beyond the appearances which would
give the impression of a fusion - precisely in the feeling of the two subjects
which makes a line of demarcation between them.
This is what we have to do when we construct an arch or a column; in
intimate contact with nature we distinguish, we define the column and nature
as two different entities, in the identity of the column constructed by
man who will never be able to construct a tree.
A tree is born from the earth and creates itself through its own vital
force, no artist can do this, and we are clearly not concerned with the
figure or the form of the column, whether it is doric or squared-off armoured
cement, what interests us is the demarcation, the definition, the Greens
would call it the violence, which is inscribed on nature when a construction
is placed in it.
And, in the definition which we carry out while placing the construction,
it is as though we gave a name to things, as though things did not have
a name, so we say that perhaps the natural environment does not have images.
It is we who make the image when we trace a line of demarcation between
the right part and the left part, and we begin to define the image with
a line when we break up what we must consider to be, instead, a symbiosis
among the elements of nature itself which evidently do not have frontiers
between one and the other.
Two trees with well-defined figures, one next to the other, evidently
- in this sense - do not have a defined image even though they do have a
clear manifest figure.
In the painter's and the sculptor's representation one can, we all can,
forget the relationship with the world and with others. The architect cannot
and, insofar as he alters the natural figure of the environment, we have
come to know that he commits violence on nature because he imposes an image
from the moment he starts tracing lines and distinguishing a pine tree from
an oak.
The architect thus, by his very nature, rebells against the definition
of art as the reproduction of natural things. He has ceased to be a painter
and sculptor, he no longer reproduces copies of things which already exist.
He discovers, or perhaps he is only obliged to hypothesize, to think
of an internal image which he must then reproduce in external reality.
He cannot remake that which the laws and the rhythm of nature have already
made, he is obliged to make something that nature cannot make. Nature cannot
construct walls and build roofs.
And if we reflect that the starting point of architecture is the act
of inhabiting, we also have to think that, in that moment, a revolt took
place against natural movements and rhythms that were no longer in harmony
with human reality.
Man stopped acting like lions who seek refuge from the rain in a cave,
and said that having the rain beat down on him was no longer natural, and
he built a roof, he built the walls of his hut so that he no longer saw
nature around him and separated himself from it.
In this way he placed himself in the center of the world, refusing for
ever to be just any natural element.
He defined himself, we can say, demarcating himself from the surrounding
environment, tracing a line of separation between himself and nature and
perhaps, in this way, creating an image of himself, designing himself sharply
in the world or, just the opposite, he acted in this way because, unlike
plants and animals, he had formed an internal image.
Up to that moment he had drawn bisons and gazelles on the walls of the
cave, he had practised the art of Michelangelo and Raffaello, then he went
out and he lost the image and the figure and, in building roofs and walls,
he used construction as his only defense against nature and to define himself,
and in his construction he had just one element which was the line, which
separated the surrounding things one from the other, defining them.
He used the line and we do not know if he knew that, in so doing, he
risked drawing an image of himself; he might draw it ugly, crooked, small,
wretched and banal, that image of himself which he had carried out of the
cavern had to be reconstituted, recomposed by using the line which gave
it definite contours.
In seeing, distinguishing, naming the pine from the oak, in going beyond
the simple perception of green or of generic foliage or woods, he wrote
with his mind words which afterwards could have been pronounced with the
mouth and the tongue.
And we are not concerned with knowing whether, historically, articulated
language came after the possibility of creating and recreating images; we
are concerned with reflecting on the link between articulated language and
images made in the mind and reproduced externally.
We repeat: if painting, sculpture and music can exist without modifying
nature, if we can consider that the image depicted in a painting or carved
in marble does not modify any earth which is excavated, any tree which is
uprooted, if we can consider that the sound a composer makes can be bounced
back by the echo of the mountain without modifying it, this is not the case
for architecture which stamps the sign indelibly on the environment, like
the brand burnt into calves to become a memory for all.
Images kept for oneself, if recounted by the painter and by the sculptor
they are images, by the architect they are made materially and, in this
material composition and realization, it is as if he allowed others to enter
into the very image which he has fabricated.
In truth, the painter and the sculptor reject the desire of others, as
does the rocky wall from which the echoed voice rebounds. The architect
who has possessed nature by imposing on it, putting into it an image of
his own, is destined afterwards to resign himself to being possessed by
others: the house will be inhabited, the bridge will be crossed, the road
will be trodden on.
His constructions are destined to be used, possessed, directed towards
the well-being of others. The works of artists who are not architects are
like women who are bought but can never be touched, the work of the architect
is everyone's and for everyone.
Strange destiny of the architect's fantasy: precisely insofar as it places
in nature something that nature does not have and never can have, that which
is introduced becomes like the other, similar to the other, almost indistinguishable
from the other itself. An architectural work placed in a forest becomes
a part of the forest itself, as though it looses its unnatural origin and
becomes like the trees which are formed on their own without the hand of
man.
Born as a element defined outside of and perhaps against surrounding
nature, the architectural construction places itself within the natural
environment, and in this realization it loses its characteristic of extraneous
element, designed aprioristically, far from the milieu to which it is destined,
and becomes an element common to the other pre-existing natural elements.
It loses the definition of the line; the preconstituted image introduced
into the milieu becomes real and material, it fuses with the surrounding
milieu, leading to the consideration that perhaps it is easier to transplant
a tree and put it in another place than to move a house to a different spot
than the one in which it was constructed.
We must consider that the architect, once he has created the image and
built the construction, has gone mad in thinking he has been able to create
a natural thing which has moved and formed itself by means of an internal
force of its own; he has made something and, by forgetting completely that
he made it, renders it in fact a component of the vital world, plant and
animal; he has to leave it and abandon it, like a woman who goes to another
country as the wife of another man.
Abandon, forget, recreate, in effect the architect cannot always remember
the same story or repeat the same image.
Images once created, things made have to be forgetten with or without
even the hope of being able to create new ones.